Ksani fortress

Ksani Fortress, located on a high hill near the confluence of the Ksani and Mtkvari rivers in eastern Georgia, once guarded one of the main routes between Kartli and the northern Caucasus. The fortress dates back to the late Middle Ages, most likely built in the 16th–17th centuries by the dukes of Ksani, a powerful feudal family of the region. Its strategic position allowed control over the valley and the trade routes leading toward Tbilisi and the Greater Caucasus mountains. The strong defensive walls and towers reflect the turbulent history of Georgia, often caught between Persian and Ottoman invasions. During various periods, Ksani Fortress served as both a military stronghold and a noble residence. Archaeological excavations have uncovered pottery, weapon fragments, and household items that reveal the everyday life of its inhabitants. Historical records mention the dukes of Ksani as influential figures who often clashed or allied with Georgian kings in struggles for regional power. The fortress suffered significant damage during invasions and was gradually abandoned in the 18th century. Today, its weathered ruins still dominate the landscape, offering sweeping views over the Ksani Valley. Ksani Fortress stands as a silent witness to centuries of Georgian history, resilience, and feudal rivalry.